Additional Information

Description

Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level. It is commonly used in postoperative settings and for pain relief in conditions where opioids are not preferred. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which leads to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever.

Ketorolac is administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection. The standard adult dosage varies based on patient weight, renal function, and clinical factors. Dose adjustments are necessary for elderly patients and those with impaired renal function to minimize adverse effects. The drug should not be used for minor or chronic pain conditions due to its potential for severe gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular side effects.

Common adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, and injection site reactions. More serious risks include gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, renal toxicity, cardiovascular events, and hypersensitivity reactions. Patients with a history of peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment, or aspirin-sensitive asthma should use this medication with caution or avoid it entirely.